KUMPULAN MAKALAH BAHASA INGGRIS TENTANG PERDAMAIAN DUNIA

INDONESIAN PAPER AND WORLD PEACE

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

A. Background

In a country can not stand alone. Just as individuals as social beings. Certainly will require state or country to another component. Even some countries that have relevance and dependence in the economic, social, and political. If there is a correlation between countries with other countries of course, there is a good relationship. One of them is our own country Indonesia is the country with other countries. Named a global society, characterized by interdependence among nations, due to stiff competition in a competitive and evolving world tends towards the struggle for influence between nations, both the scope of regional or global scope.
But the fact is there are many conflicting relations between countries with one another. Which resulted in conflict and interference to world peace. Conflict is usually triggered by a problem in terms of social, economic, political, religion or culture. Conflict due to greed, lack of mutual respect and understanding between one another. Of the above problem in this paper will discuss what it means to world peace itself, how to bring peace to the world and Indonesia's participation in the peace of the world.

B. Problem Formulation

1. How does the position of the state in the global era?
2. Is the notion of world peace?
3. Does Indonesia have participated in world peace?
4. How to achieve world peace?
5. What institutions help in realizing world peace?
6. How the state defense and security systems?

C. Destination

1. Knowing how to position the country in the global era.
2. Knowing is world peace.
3. Indonesia's participation in peace knowing the world.
4. Knowing how to achieve world peace.
5. Knowing the institutions which help in realizing world peace.
6. Knowing the state defense and security systems.

CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

A. The position of the State in the Global Era

As an approach, the basic conditions and a national doctrine, national security is a national skills development strategy through the implementation of well-being and security are balanced in all aspects of education. Developed national capacity is expected to face a threat that could endanger the survival of the nation and the state.
In discussing national security, now we can not escape the influence of the whole as well as the development of international life. It is because of globalization and the development of the country outside influences survival of the nation and the state. Globalization is a social process that emerged as a result of technological progress and innovation, and the development of information and communication.
However, as a process, globalization has the following characteristics:
1) Closely related to the advancement of technology, information flow, and cross-border communication.
2) There may be released from the accumulation of capital, high investment flow, finance, and global trade.
3) In connection with the high intensity of the movement of people, goods, services, and cultural exchanges across national borders.
4) Marked by the increasing level of interconnectedness and dependency not only between nations / countries but also between communities.

XXI century globalization is believed to greatly affect the life of a nation. Globalization will pose a threat and challenge that allegedly could have a negative impact to the nation. However, on the other hand globalization provides opportunities that will positively impact the progress of a nation.
Therefore, in this era we need to know all kinds of threat or challenge what is expected to weaken the position of the nation-state. We need to realize that globalization brings along new phenomena not previously faced by the nation-state. New phenomena such as the presence of multinational companies, the extent of the whole trade, and environmental issues.
In facing globalization, the nations of the world to respond or responses can be categorized as follows:
a. Most people responded positively to globalization because it is considered as a new way for the improvement of the human race.
b. Most people who reject globalization because it is considered critical as a new form of colonialism (colonialism) in ways that are new in the field of transnational political, economic, and cultural.
c. Others still accept globalization as an inevitable result of the development of information technology and transportation, but remained critical of the negative consequences of globalization.
It seems for the countries of Indonesia, globalization is something that can not be denied. Various policies adopted by the government of Indonesia suggests that Indonesia participated in the global flows. For example, by participating in the WTO, APEC, and AFTA. Globalization should be aware and be faced with a wise attitude. One of the negative side of globalization is increasingly strong materialistic values ​​on the people of Indonesia. On the other hand the values ​​of social solidarity, familial, social atmosphere and a sense of patriotism I have ever seen as a unifying force and power characteristic of the Indonesian people, the more faded. Negative side of this is possible due to the inclusion of global values. This is what caused the crisis in national identity.
In the manuscript the National Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMN) 2004-2009 raised Cultural Development Program. The program aims to strengthen the national identity (national identity) and establish a national culture. The goal is achieved, among others, through the efforts of strengthening the resilience of national culture so as to ward penetration of negative foreign cultures and facilitate the process of adoption and adaptation of foreign culture that is positive and productive.
In addition, also pursued the development of the nation that puts moral values ​​of honesty, trust, exemplary, sportsmanship, discipline, work ethic, mutual cooperation, independence, tolerance, a sense of shame, and responsibility. The goal is also implemented through mainstream cultural values ​​in every aspect of development. The main activities that will be pursued include:
1) Actualization of moral and religious values.
2) revitalization and renewal of local culture that valued sublime including maritime cultural development.
3) cultural transformation through the adoption and adaptation of new values ​​are positive to enrich and strengthen the cultural treasures of the nation, such as the orientation on performance improvement, critical culture, accountability and the application of science and technology.

B. Understanding World Peace

In the study of peace, peace is understood in two senses. First, peace is the absence of or reduction in any kind of violence. Second, peace is the transformation of creative non-violent conflict. Of the two definitions above it can be concluded that peace is what we have when creative conflict transformation takes place without violence. Peace is a state apart, is also a creative process without violence experienced in the transformation (development phase) of a conflict. General understanding of violence only refers to actions taken physically and have a direct effect. Such restrictions are too minimalistis because the reference focuses on the absence or mere physical destruction.

 Although too, sense of peace does not stop there. Peace is not merely a matter of the absence of violence or non-violence situations. Beyond that peace should contain a definition of justice and progress. World peace will not be achieved if the rate of spread of the disease, injustice, poverty and state of hopelessness is not minimized. Peace is not about the use of creative methods of non-violence against any form of violence, but should be able to create a balanced situation and harmony, which is not biased for the powerful but equally equal and balanced for all parties. So world peace is the absence of violence, inequality, conflict between countries around the world.
C. Realize World Peace
When there is a person or country who prefers calling for war, his conscience might have been dead. For all that is still functioning conscience would choose peace. Is not peace it is not difficult and more promising? Difficult for why should we? Actually not as difficult as we imagine, if only all people and all countries in the world together like "hand in hand" and are committed to continue to call for and promote world peace.
It is time we do away with the paradigm that it is difficult to achieve a peace. Paradigm that it is difficult to realize peace will only continue to imprison our minds and be a stumbling block scuttle peace efforts themselves. Writers sometimes feel sad, why do we so easily call for conflict and war? While it is so hard just for a peace which is also the whole life of the nation for a better country. It would be a PR for Indonesia in particular and the whole country in the world that still conscientious of course.
Together we must believe that world peace someday will actually materialize. Of course not confident enough and will never change things. There must be real efforts we have done with countries around the world. Long as it's often the efforts of diplomacy and inter-state meeting in order to create world peace. In the end that is generated as usual points of agreement or some sort of collective agreements that have not been able to change the situation.
There are several solutions or attempts by Ward Cipto must be done to promote world peace, among others:
1. Approach through Cultural (Culture)
To achieve peace we must know the culture of each society or a country. Otherwise it will be useless to our efforts. By knowing the culture of each society or a country then we can understand the characteristics of the community or the State. On the basis of the culture and characteristics of the community or of a State, we can take the appropriate measures and effective in bringing about peace there. This cultural approach is the most effective way to bring peace to the people of Indonesia and the world.
2. Through Social and Economic Approach
In this approach the intended social and economic issues related to welfare and social factors in the community that helped influence on the realization of world peace efforts. When less prosperous society certainly more prone to conflict and violence in it. Communities or countries that are less prosperous will usually "do not care" over the issue and calls for peace. "Instead of thinking about world peace, make a meal for the day-to-day life is very hard", so they are less prosperous So to support the realization of world peace that must be done first is to improve the distribution of welfare across society and the State in the world.
3. Through a Political Approach
Through cultural and socio-economic approaches alone have not been effective enough to bring peace to the world. Need political interference, in the sense that there is a political agenda that emphasized and called for the establishment of world peace. Moreover for developed countries and a superpower that has power or influence in the eyes of the world. Developed countries at certain times to be brave to use its power to "do a bit of pressure" on countries that are willing to make peace with each other, again. Not only made the situation more heat, with the intention that they continue to buy weapons.
4. Through Religious Approach (Religion)
In essence, all religious people in this world would want the peace. I guess because there is no religion that teaches crime, violence or war. All Countries teaches kindness, caring and peace that . Therefore each of us who claim to religious and godless certainly must have participated concern in bringing about peace in the community and on the world stage. The religious leaders were considered to have charisma and a great influence in the community should participate actively calling for peace.
In today's society a lot of us have found that problems occur and often cause problems in the society who do not understand each other. Should enable the peace of the world is the awareness of yourself and thought, act arbitrarily in order to avoid misunderstandings and conflict or commotion in the community.
We must have a common purpose with others to unite and fight for world peace. We also have to beat each other, not selfish and always respect others. If we only think of our own interests without thinking about the consequences to others, solidarity was certainly not well formed. Of togetherness, will be the beginning to the formation of peace. After the formation of togetherness also diiperlukan consciousness. Purpose of our consciousness that is required to be aware of the situation around us. For example with:
Ø Conscious creation rules, we should and must comply with regulations.
Ø Be aware of the weaknesses and strengths of others.
Ø Be aware that we have differences with others such as ethnicity, customs, religion, race, and social status.
Ø Be aware of yourself and put yourself in control
So with all that way, we are required to establish a good relationship with the fellow, so that world peace will be quickly realized.

D. Indonesia's participation for World Peace

Not only institution that helps in the realization of world peace such as ASEAN, EEC, BENELUX, APEC, IBRD, IMF, UNDP, IDA and many others, as well as the role of Indonesia Indonesia is also in peacekeeping operations are mandated by the 1945 Constitution, which in order promote world peace based on freedom, lasting peace, and social justice. On the other hand, the constellation of changes in the world will always affect the continuity of the nation of Indonesia. A safe and peaceful world, of course the hope of all mankind including the Indonesian nation. As a country with a population that includes five of the world, it is appropriate that the Indonesian people contribute significantly to world peace. Indonesian participation in the peacekeeping arena of the world is already not a new thing. As mandated by the constitution, since the early decades of independence, Indonesia has sent personnel to carry out the order of the world are actively involved through various peace missions under the aegis of the United Nations (UN). Indonesia's seriousness to engage in the mission of world peace has undergone a significant transformation in line with the strategic environment and the nation's commitment to be more proactive in addressing the conflict. Gait and professionalism peacemakers both belonging to the Garuda Contingent and civilian experts have become living proof that Indonesia has gained confidence in carrying out the noble mission. Without prejudice to the high appreciation of the Indonesian civilian experts are currently serving in the UN mission, this paper only gives an overview about the pursuit of military involvement and dedication in maintaining world peace, as well as world-class roadmap towards peacekeeper.

Hopes for a peaceful life still seems to be a difficult dream for most people in the various regions. End of World War II and the Cold War marked the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, did not make the world free from armed conflict. Great war between two giant nations - the U.S. with U.S. - does not happen, but even small wars and conflicts raging everywhere. In the Balkans, the Baltics and the former Soviet Union, Africa, the Middle East, war and various other types of conflicts continue to rage.
Based on the above, it is a dream of peace as well as serious efforts are expected by many countries. Hence, the UN (United Nations), the largest international organization currently has fittings called the Security Council. The UN Security Council is the most powerful body at the United Nations. His job is to maintain peace and security among countries.
To keep the peace region of conflict, the UN established a peacekeeping force in the framework of Peacekeeping Operations (OPP). Some examples of the peacekeeping forces, as follows:
a. ICCS (International Commission For Control and Supervision), the UN peacekeeping forces to South Vietnam peace.
b. UNDOF (United Nations Disengagement Observer Force), the UN peacekeeping forces as fighting weapons inspectors.
c. UNEF (United Nations Emergency Force), the UN peacekeeping forces to the Middle East, North Korea, and South Korea.
d. UNFICYP (United Nations Peace Keeping Force in Cyprus), the UN peacekeeping force for peace in Cyprus.
e. UNMOGIP (United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan), the United Nations peacekeeping force for peace India and Pakistan.
f. UNOC (United Nastions Operations for Congo), the UN peacekeeping force to Congo.
g. UNTSO (United Nations Truce Supervision Organization in Palestine), the UN peacekeeping force to Palestine.
h. UNCRO (United Nations Operation Confidence Restorations), the UN peacekeeping force in Croatia.
i. UNPROFOR (United Nations Protection Forces), the UN peacekeeping force in Bosnia Herzegovina.
j. UNPREDEF (United Preventive Deployment Force), the UN peacekeeping force in FYROM (Macedonia).
k. UNMIL (United Nations Mission in Liberia), the UN peacekeeping force in Liberia.

Indonesia's active role in the international community in the maintenance of world peace efforts undertaken by the policy, and the role of humanitarian aid in the form of a military observers, military staff or task force contingents of peacekeeping operations as an ambassador for the nation under the UN flag. Indonesia's participation in peace efforts with the world is to be peacekeepers. Indonesia's participation in peacekeeping operations has been started since 1957. Peacekeepers from Indonesia known as the Garuda contingent or Konga. Since 1967 till now has been deployed to control every aspect of Garuda Indonesia to join regional conflict UN peacekeepers.
1 Garuda contingent deployed to Egypt on January 8, 1957. As it's impossible to predict last XIIA Garuda contingent deployed to Lebanon as part of the UNFIL (UN Peacekeeping Force in Lebanon) in September 2006.
In addition to participation in the operation through maintenance Garuda Contingent United Nations, Indonesia recorded as a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council. Until now, Indonesia has 3 (three) times a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council, namely:
1. Membership First Period 1973-1974.
2. Both membership period 1995-1996.
3. Membership Third Period 2007-2008.
Broad support for Indonesia's membership in the Security Council reflects the recognition of the international community on the role and contribution of Indonesia during the time in an effort to create security and peace both at regional and global levels. The role and contribution of Indonesia, among others, the involvement of Indonesian troops in various UN peacekeeping missions since 1957, peace efforts in the region, such as Cambodia and southern Philippines, in the context of ASEAN participated create regional arrangements in the field of peace and security, as well as an active role in various forum discussions issues of disarmament and nuclear non-proliferi.
With elected members, means Indonesia will carry the trust of the international community to participate to the Security Council as an effective body for the challenge - global challenges in the field of peace and security today.
Indonesia's membership in the Security Council is a form of diplomacy efforts in the field to carry out the mandate of the 1945 Constitution Alenia IV, which mandates Indonesia to participate actively in the efforts to create a world order based on freedom, lasting peace, and social justice.

E. Security and Defence State
Defence and Security Systems is a state defense and security system components consist of all the potential, the ability, and national power in an effort to realize the ability of the defense and security of the country in achieving national goals. Components consist of the following powers:
1. Main components, namely military and military reserves.
2. Community Protection Component (Community Protection).
3. Supporting components, namely resources and national infrastructure.
Act 1945 Chapter XII entitled "Defense and State Security". In that chapter, Article 30 Paragraph (1) referred to the rights and obligations of every citizen to participate in the defense and security of the country. Subsection (2) referred to "the defense and state security system implemented through people's defense and security by the Indonesian National Army and the Indonesian National Police, as the main force, and the people as a supporting force".
Involvement of military forces in the world peacekeeping missions in accordance with the provisions of national law. Law No. 3 of 2002 on National Defence said that one of the tasks the military is carrying out national defense policy, one of which participate actively in the task of maintaining regional and international peace. Furthermore, Law 34 of 2004 on the TNI over again reinforce that mentioned that one of the main tasks in the TNI military operations.
Maintenance Operations Other Than War is World Peace. Surely the implementation of the assignment is always done in accordance with the foreign policy of Indonesia, and the applicable provisions of national law.
Nature of national defense is defense efforts are universal, which operate based on the awareness of the rights and obligations of citizens as well as confidence in their own strength. Defence and Security Implementation based on the following principles:
1. Indonesian nation has the right and obligation to defend and preserve the independence of the country.
2. That defending the country is the responsibility and privilege of every citizen which is based on the principle:
a. confidence in their own strength and ability
b. belief in victory and not know surrender (tenacity)
c. do not rely on state aid or protection or foreign powers.
3. Contradictions that arise between Indonesia and other nations will always sought peaceful ways. War is a last resort that was in urgent situations.
4. Defense and security out is defensive-active implies not aggressive and expansive. To the preventive-containing active sense as early as possible to take steps and measures to prevent and tackle any potential threat.
5. Indonesia forms of popular resistance in defending and maintaining independence popular and universality.

CHAPTER III
CLOSING

Conclusion

From the above it can be concluded that the conditions of the state in the global era and influenced the whole development of international life. It is because of globalization and the development of the country outside influences survival of the nation and the state. Globalization is a social process that emerged as a result of technological progress and innovation, and the development of information and communication.
World peace is the absence of violence, inequality, conflict between countries around the world. Efforts to bring peace to the world done in the cultural approach, the social and economic approach, the political approach and the cultural approach. Agencies that help in the realization of world peace such as ASEAN, EEC, BENELUX, APEC, IBRD, IMF, UNDP, IDA and many others. In addition, with the mandate of the 1945 Constitution Alenia IV Indonesia participated in the peace of the world.

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