An Analysis The Genre Of Comedy In William Shakespeare’s Play “The Tempest”
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the
Analysis
The
word Literature derives from the Latin ‘Litera’ (‘letter’) that refers to the
written or printed works (Wellek, Rene 1965:1). But, not all of the written and
printed works can be said as literature because literary languages are
different with the other writing text. The subject matters of literature is
subjective because its language is connotative, while other writing such as the
medical, history, geography, use the scientific language, so they can not be
classified as literary works. According to Rene Wellek and Austen Warren
(1965:15) literature is creative, and art. Said creative because literature is
product of mind; it means that literature comes from the imaginative mind of
author who had the talent to create stories. He perceived what was happening
around them from natural phenomena to the lives of the people in their
community and makes them in a written form. But, the writers did not just tell
what had happened, they select the sources or the events they had seen or read
and organized a series of related events into a plot and combine them to be an
artistic writing. Literature said as art because the language used is beautiful
in terms of exaggerate such as the using of figure of speech.
People may perceive a
difference between "literature" and some popular forms of written
work. The terms "literary fiction" and "literary merit"
serve to distinguish between individual works. Critics may exclude works from
the classification "literature," for example, on the grounds of a
poor
unbelievable or disjointed storyline, or of inconsistent or
unconvincing characters. Genre fiction (for example: romance, crime, or science
fiction) may also become excluded from consideration as "literature."
Elements of drama such as character, plot, theme, dialogue, convention, genre,
audience, stagecraft, design (design divided in some other elements such as;
theater space, the proscenium theater, the thrust stage, the arena stage,
variant forms, the fixed architectural stage, auditoriums, set design, stage
facilities, lighting design, costume design, mask, makeup, technical
production, sound and sound effects), and conversions. According Emil
Sylianteng, “Genre is a term that describes works of literature according to
their shared thematic or structural characteristics. The attempt to classify
literature in this way was initiated by Aristotle in the Poetics, where he
distinguishes tragedy, epic, and comedy and recognizes even more fundamental
distinctions between drama, epic, and lyric poetry. Classical genre theory, established
by Aristotle and reinforced by Horace, is regulative and prescriptive,
attempting to maintain rigid boundaries that correspond to social differences.
Thus, tragedy and epic are concerned exclusively with the affairs of the
nobility, comedy with the middle or lower classes. Modern literary criticism,
on the other hand, does not regard genres as dogmatic categories, but rather as
aesthetic conventions that guide, but are also led by, writers. The unstable
nature of genres does not reduce their effectiveness as tools of critical
inquiry, which attempts to discover universal attributes among individual
works, and has, since classical times, evolved theories of the novel, ode,
elegy, pastoral, satire, and many other kinds of writing.”
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Comedy (from the Greek, komodia) as a popular meaning, is any
humorous discourse generally intended to amuse, especially in television, film,
and stand-up comedy. The comedy genres of literature there are, Old comedy is
genre of play that having the character of comic that made by Aristophanes in
Greek at fourth century B.C. that as a performance of satirical. Distinguish of
this drama is majoring of chorus, mimic, dialog that having the characteristic
of comic or humorous to satirizing of figure that very recognized by a society.
Middle comedy is genre of play at fourth century that more decent than old
comedy because the characteristic of satirical that harsh not rise, but the
majoring of plot and acting. This comedy genre also lessening usage chorus and
changing with dialog. New comedy is genre of play that born one hundred years
after old comedy, which is at eighth century B.C. in Roma, made by Menander
that emphasizing existence plot and acting. The theme that to be favorite to
the period there are three; first, about the rich parent that having the
characteristic of cruel, second, the younger that naughty and wild but able to
change to be tame when meet with women that make him/her falling in love,
third, all ministrant that devoted and obedient.
1.2 Problems of the Analysis
There are some problems in this play which need to find out.
The problems that the writer find out as having relation to: 1. How the
characteristics, humor and plot described in The Tempest.? 2. What are
relations of humor with the serious story?
1.3 Objective of the Analysis
Concerning with the problem above, this analysis is intended
to achieve some objectives:
1. To find out describing the characteristics, humor and plot
in The Tempest.
2. To find out
relations of humor with the serious story.
1.4
Significance of the Analysis
There is some significance in writing this thesis. The first
significance of the analysis is to make writer understand about literary work
especially of William Shakespeare’s works. Second, this thesis also will be
useful for another reader or people who want to learn or know about comedic
genres more large, especially the students of faculty of letters can enlarge
their knowledge of English literature. I hope that this thesis will enrich our
knowledge about other fields of knowledge.
1.5 Scope of the Analysis
In writing this thesis, the writer
only focuses on analyzing comedy genres. This analysis must have limitation in
order to the discussion of this analysis does not too wide. In William
Shakespeare’s The Tempest, the writer only discusses about comedy genres
through the play, which described in this story. But in this thesis, the writer
focuses on analyzing the comedy genres can be found from some books and
internet. 1.6 Review of the Related Literature To support the ideas of
this thesis, the writer has used some books, which are related to this topic.
The following books are the main sources in finding data and information to
analyze this play, such as:
• Theory of Literature by Rene Welleck and Austeen Warren.
This book describes about how literature as a social institution using language
as its medium in creating social relationship and the novelist becomes the
member of the society.
• An Introduction to Shakespeare’s Comedies by Patrick
Swinden. This book describes about Shakespeare’s comedies.
• Shakespeare Made Easy ‘The Tempest’ by Stanley Thornes.
This book describes about a complete understanding of the play.
• Shakespeare:
The Tempest by D. J. Palmer. This book gives information and explanation about
the play.
NB : BAGI SOBAT YANG INGIN VERSI LENGKAPNYA SILAHKAN KOMENTAR DI BAWAH
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