CONTOH MAKALAH BAHASA INGGRIS TENTANG EKONOMI ISLAM

ISLAMIC ECONOMIC PAPERS

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. background

Financial crisis that hit everywhere , not least in our beloved country . The world economists are busy looking for their causes and make every effort to recover the economy in their respective countries . The economic crisis has caused a lot of losses , rising unemployment , rising crime, and so on . Capitalist economic system with a system of interest is suspected as the cause of the crisis . Islamic economic system began ogled as an alternative option , and expected to answer the challenges of the world in the future . The Qur'an has given some examples of emphatic about economic issues stressed that the economy is one area of ​​concern Islam . " ( Remember ) when Shoaib said to them ( residents Thicket ) : ' Why do you not fear Him ? ' I am a messenger who has earned the trust for you . Therefore bertaqwalah to God and ta'atilah me . I did not demand wages from you for this invitation , my reward is only from the Lord of the whole universe . Measure and stick to it when you do not get you be the ones who lose . Weigh the appropriate scales . thou shalt not harms the rights of persons (other ) and do not do evil and cause corruption on earth . " ( Qs.26 :177 - 183 )

B. benefits of Writing

1 . Students can understand the rules of the Islamic economic system and its application procedures .

2 . Students can compare the differences between the Islamic economic system with other economic systems .

C. problem Formulation

1 . What is the economic system of Islam ?

2 . How is the economic concept in Islam ?

3 . What are the economic fundamentals of Islam ?

4 . What is the difference between the Islamic economic system and other economic systems ?

5 . How Islamic economic system to overcome the economic crisis that hit the world today ?

CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

A. Islamic Economic System

Born economics as a scientific discipline in the course of production and consumption activities . The economy is a human activity to meet their needs , so that then arises of economic motives , namely a person's desire to meet the needs .
Economic principles are the steps taken by humans to meet their needs with a certain sacrifice , to obtain maximum results . Economic systems used in different countries there are different kinds , including :

Economic systems Capitalist

Capitalist economic principles are :

- Freedom has a treasure in persendirian .

- Economic freedom and free competition .

- Economic inequality .

Communist Economic System

Communist economic principles are :

- Property rights over the means of production by the state .
- The process of running the economy on the basis of plans that have been made ​​.
- Economic planning as planned / in the economic process to be followed .
Socialist Economic System

Socialist economic principles are :

 property rights over the means of production by cooperatives unions , legal entities and other community .- Government control of the tools are vital products .
 economic processes running on the basis of market mechanisms .-
- economic planning as the influence and driving with a business suit the needs of the individual with the needs of the community .

Islamic Economic System

Islamic economic system has fundamental differences with other economic systems , where the Islamic economic system there is a moral and religious values ​​in every activity .

Islamic economic principles are :

- Freedom of the individual .

- The right to property .

- Social similarity .

- Social Safety .

- Prohibition accumulate wealth .

- The prohibition against anti - social institutions .

- Virtue individual in society .

B. The concept of Islamic Economics

Islam took the best rule between these two extreme views ( capitalist and communist ) and try to establish a balance between the two ( material and spiritual ) . The success of the Islamic economic system depends on the extent to which adjustments can be made ​​between material needs and spiritual needs / needed human ethics . Islam is a source of economic guidance of the Qur'an and Sunnah Rasul , namely in :
 Qs.al - Ahzab : 72 ( Humans as being bearers of God's message ) .-
 Qs.Hud : 61 ( For prosperity of life on earth ) .-

 Qs.al - Baqarah : 30 ( On the position of honor as the vicegerent of Allah on earth ) .-
The things that are not expressly provided for in the second source of Islamic teachings were acquired its provisions by way of ijtihad .

C. Basics of Islamic Economy

Islamic teachings provide basic instructions with regard to the economic problems . Among them :

1 . Goods and services

 Goods and services produced in the Islamic economy is based on the fundamental principle in muamalah . Namely : what are allowed , except those prohibited . This means that goods and services produced goods and services should be lawful and not forbidden . As for the types of goods traded illicit include:

a. Sell ​​or buy a dog unless the dog hunters.

b . Carrion , blood , pork and beef animals slaughtered in the name of other than Allah .

c . Khamar and the like .

2 . Attention to employees

 Relationship between employers and employees set the system of relationships based on respect for the dignity of man as a noble creature gods , therefore always set preformance employment eturan healthy relationship and mutual respect .
Labor is placed not only as a means of production limits , but are placed and valued as a human being , therefore , laid out in a fair remuneration system based on its experience and capabilities so that the workers can plan with clear and spur them to work to catch his performance .

In terms of this wage labor rights considered seriously by employers , even those rights can be granted without delay . Granting rights to a fair and humane employees will have an impact on the productivity of their work , otherwise disregard for the rights of workers spawned inevesiensi which could hurt the company such as strikes and so on .

Similarly in the case of liability of the workers , islam teaches to do their job well and full responsibility for the smooth progress of the company and , because of the obligation to work to meet the needs of not only material needs , but also the duty to live as human beings , as well as the task of devotion ( worship ) to God .
3 . distribution system

Distribution of goods and services according to the teachings of Islam should  to immediately smooth to the hands of consumers , and there is no disadvantage because it  aspects in the distribution of goods and services is emphasized . Efforts that could harm consumers , especially playing in prices due to irregular distribution should be kept away . Monopoly and oligopoly in the economy is not in accordance with Islamic ajaranm , because monopoly sector will bear the economic domination by the majority society who have big capital alone can thus be a gap between big business and small entrepreneurs . Competition , which is unhealthy and ultimately hurt many people . Islam teaches justice and economic equality and a level playing field , so everyone can get the results of operations as they try . This requires a healthy business climate also through regulation and market mechanisms , which can ensure the creation of economic justice .


4 . Satisfaction of both parties

Buying and selling the concept of Islam based on the preferences both parties to buy and sell so that there is no feeling of regret after the sale takes place . Buying and selling da ; lam circumstances forced or imposed by one party , either the buyer or the seller , not the manner in accordance with the teachings of Islam . Therefore unauthorized trading under threat , fear and compulsion . Aspects of mutual benefit and bless each other is the main characteristic of the Islamic concept , because it's the things that interfere with the second aspect of the above is extremely important in order to avoid the purchase of disappointment and loss .
Then the value of the foundation on which the establishment of the Islamic economic
D. - Prohibition Prohibition in Trafficking According to Islam
The prohibitions in the trade according to Islam are :
1 . Hiding the goods disability

Hide defective merchandise is cheating should not be done . The Prophet said : " A Muslim is a Muslim brothers with the other , is not lawful for a Muslim brother  defective goods unless he explained . "
2 . Oath in the sale and purchase

In the sale and purchase shall avoid the oath that is intended to make buyers interested or believe da purchase of goods for sale . Because it can eliminate the oath of Allah 's blessings . Words of the Prophet : " Stay away from buying and selling a lot of swearing in , as he would later popularize merchandise  obliterated . "
3 . Compete unfairly

4 . speculation

E. The difference between the Islamic economic system with other economic systems
The difference between the Islamic economic system with other economic systems are :

a. The basic assumption / basic norms and rules of the game in the process or interaction effect of economic activity . In the Islamic economic system is the basic assumption of Islamic Shari'ah , overall good effect on individuals, families , community groups , businesses and authorities / governments in meeting their needs for both physical and spiritual needs .

b . Principles of Islamic economics is the application of the principle of efficiency and benefits while preserving the natural environment .
c . Islamic economic motive is to seek their fortune in the world and in the Hereafter as khalifatullah with the worship in the broadest sense .
Talking about the Islamic economic system and the capitalist economic system can not be separated from the argument about the halal - illegitimate interest by most scholars regarded as usury is forbidden by the Koran .
Benefits of money in various functions both as a means of exchange , a store of wealth and supporting the transition from a barter system to the economic system of money , by the author of Islam has been recognized , but they agree on the concept of usury to be avoided in the economy . Interest in the banking system ( rents stelsel ) began believed by some experts as a factor that lead to the worsening economic situation and the system of interest as a factor driving investment and savings in the Indonesian economy , has been tested not only the best way to overcome the weak economy.
Prohibition of usury in Islam aims at fostering an economic structure that establishes that the capital can not work by itself , and there is no benefit to capital without work and without placing themselves at risk at all . Therefore Islam expressly declared war on usury and the Muslim Ummah shall leave ( Qs.al - Baqarah : 278 ) , but that Islam justifies the search for profit through commerce ( Qs.83 :1 - 6 ) .

F. Troubleshooting Agenda Economic Crisis

The implementation of the concept of Muslim economists in addressing the crisis ( especially in Indonesia ) , an outline can be described as follows :
- Moral education / mental absolutely must be improved , both in the level of the per - person , household , community, or country . And even this moral shades should be always echoed in every activity both in politics , berekonomi , cultured , and so forth .
- Justice evenly covering a variety of areas, including : human resource equity , distributive justice in the implementation of the law , in the sense that each offender should get tough sanctions .

The transparency / openness in any activities regarding the life of the nation .-
 Keep track of the source that caused the crisis ( what crisis tegantung ) .-
 Implementing Islamic economic system and remove flowering practice money .-


CHAPTER III

CLOSING

Economy as one of the joints that are important to human life , by the Qur'an has been arranged in such a way . Riba is expressly been forbidden because it is one source of the world economy lability . The Qur'an describes it as one that can not stand upright but it swayed like a person who possessed Shaytan .

The most important thing of all is that we should be able to restore the original function of money as a medium of exchange / sale . Treat money as a commodity by way of charging interest is a great sin , and those who continue to take God's prohibition of usury after arriving , threatened to be put into hell ( Qs.al - Baqarah : 275 ) . Establishment of Bank Muamalat Indonesia is one example of a challenge to prove an opinion that the conception of Islam in the monetary field can be an alternative concept .

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