KUMPULAN MAKALAH BAHASA INGGRIS TENTANG KORUPSI

PAPER ON CORRUPTION

CHAPTER I

 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND

Often we hear the words of this one, which is "CORRUPTION", corruption us, maybe sometimes we do not realize it. Corruption bias occurs at home, school, community, and the highest and in government. Those who engage in corruption sometimes considers trivial things done that. This is very worrying, because after all, if an organization is built on corruption will damage it. From the fact above can be two possibilities of corruption, namely: 1. The method used by educators not in accordance with reality, so that the lessons can not be optimally digested by the students. 2. We often take them for granted even lazy to learn this, because of the lack moyivasi myself, so often assumed "to learn what" but it is very important to know in order to know the right and our duty to this country. 1.2 PURPOSE To discuss crime in violation of Indonesian law and for the learning process, knowledge in the field of law and citizenship 1.3 PROBLEM FORMULATION How corruption affects economic development in Indonesia?

What strategies can be done to minimize the corruption? How do I deal with corruption? CHAPTER II DISCUSSION A. 2.1 K0RUPSI Understanding Corruption Corruption comes from the Latin meaning corupto cartumpenyang; rotten or damaged. Corruption is bad behavior by public officials who do tadak fair or not legal for yourself In terms of the legal corruption has meaning: a. Against the law b. power c. Enrich themselves d. According to the State financial harm legal perspective, the notion of gambling corruption described in Law No. 31 of 2001 concerning the eradication. B. Understanding Corruption In Law is a criminal offense referred to in legislation governing corruption. Definition of "corruption" more emphasis on making adverse public interest or the general public or personal or group interests. Corruption, Collusion and Nepotism (KKN) · Corruption is the obligation not to distort our rights. · Collusion is an honest deeds, such as giving pelican that they work smoothly, but give it for hidden-senbunyi. · Nepotism is put the person in or occupy a position in the family. From the point of view of law, corruption broadly covers the following elements; · act against abuse of authority · legal · Adverse State finances or economy of the State C. Negative impact Brought Corruption. Corruption democracy indicates a serious challenge to development. In the political realm, it undermines democracy and good governance (good governance) by subverting formal processes. Corruption in elections and in legislative bodies reduces accountability and representation in policymaking; corruption in the court system to stop the rule of law, and corruption in public administration produces an imbalance in community service. In general, corruption erode institutional capacity of government as procedures are disregarded, resources are siphoned off, and officials appointed or elevated position not because of performance. At the same time, corruption undermines the legitimacy of government and such democratic values ​​as trust and tolerance. Corruption also complicates economic development by creating economic distortions and inefficiencies are high. In the private sector, corruption increases the cost of the loss of trade due to illegal payments, management fees in negotiations with corrupt officials, and the risk of cancellation of the agreement or because of the investigation. Although there are states that corruption reduces costs (commercial) with ease bureaucracy, the emerging consensus concluded that the availability of bribes causing officials to create new rules and new obstacles. Where corruption is causing inflation trade costs, corruption also disrupt "trade court". Companies that have a connection protected from competition and as a result retain companies that are not efficient. Corruption caused distortion (chaos) in the public sector by diverting public investment into community projects where bribes and wages are more readily available. Officials may increase the complexity of the project to hide corrupt practices, which ultimately results in more chaos. Corruption also reduces the fulfillment of safety requirements, environmental, or other regulations. Corruption also reduces the quality of government services and infrastructure, and adding pressure on the government budget. Economic experts gave the opinion that one of the factors of economic underdevelopment in Africa and Asia, especially in Africa, is a form of corruption that led to the displacement billing rental investment (capital investment) abroad, instead of investing into the country (hence the mockery often true that African dictators who have bank accounts in Switzerland). In stark contrast with Asian dictators, like Suharto, who often take a piece of everything (asking for a bribe), but rather provide conditions for development, through infrastructure investment, law and order, and others. Experts from the University of Massachusetts estimates that from 1970 to 1996, capital flight from 30 sub-Saharan countries totaled U.S. $ 187 billion, exceeds the amount of foreign debt they own. (The result, in terms of the development (or lack of development) has created a model in economic theory by Mancur Olson). In the case of Africa, one factor is political instability, and also the fact that the new government is often sealed the old government assets are often derived from corruption. It gives encouragement for officials to accumulate their wealth abroad, out of reach of expropriation in the future. General Welfare State political corruption exist in many countries, and provide a major threat to its citizens. Political corruption means that government policies often favor a bribe giver, rather than broad popular. Another example is how politicians make laws that protect large corporations, but the disadvantage of small firms (SME). Politicians of "pro-business" is just restore aid to large companies that contribute greatly to their election campaigns. For the Poor Corruption, of course, far-reaching, especially for the lives of the poor in the villages and towns. At first, corruption led National Development Budget and Spending less in number. To replenish the construction budget, the central government raised income countries, one example of the increasing fuel prices. The Government does not consider the effect of an increase in the fuel; prices of staples such as rice increases; increasingly expensive cost of education, and unemployment increases. Without realizing it, the poor have to deposit 2 times to the corruptors. First, the poor pay their obligations to the state through taxes and levies, such as land taxes and levies clinic. However, by the state are not aware of their rights, because "his money for the poor" has been drained for the benefit of officials. Second, efforts to raise revenue through higher fuel prices, poor back "deposit" for the benefit of the corrupt state, though with a pretext to subsidize the poor. Though the state should ask the criminals to restore the people's money that they are corrupt, not the reverse, in fact add to the burden of the poor. The phenomenon of corruption occurred from officials at the Center (Jakarta), to officials at the village or hamlet. Officials no longer have concern for the poor people who continue to suffer. Acting without guilt and shame continue to hurt people. Even when the president is fighting demons of corruption, the House of Representatives asking precisely lightly Serap Aspirations Fund. This is a proof and a sign that corruption is a culture, not a disgrace. Government is supposed to be the people's mandate to promote the development and welfare of its people precisely like "Between There and Gone". I own the public confused and had goose bumps goose bumps when almost every morning on the news electronic media and print media writing and broke many officers were detained for alleged corruption. Even in our beloved city, is still fresh in our memory that is corruption within the Department of Health Medical Devices Promal through procurement. D. In Political Corruption Case bribe to pass the Civil Servants (PNS) such a thing is an example of the most common koupsi annually. They both sell rice lading, garden, or home just to bribe the ordinary for him to pass a civil servant. Only people who are still sensible wants to do it. Of people with very all for others and themselves, they are not aware that it was his salary from his own money and in other cases that are hot in the community talking about the waste of budgetary funds dpr members in the House of Representatives was allegedly a lot of corruption and misappropriation of funds. This was evidenced by the efforts House Speaker Marzuki Alie who will come to the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK). Marzuki the arrival of the alleged fraud Banggar space renovation budget worth Rp. 20 billion.
House Speaker Marzuki Alie plans to come to the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK). Marzuki to report suspected corruption related budget Banggar room renovation worth Rp 20 billion.

"Want to report about the projects indicated the House that problematic," Marzuki said in a text message as reported by AFP on Friday (01/20/2012).

Marzuki Commission will come around 15:00 pm with a number of staff and the Secretary General of the Parliament House Nining Indra Saleh. "Yes ma'am Secretary together," he explained.

As is known in the House a number of projects have a budget with a fantastic figure. Projects that include renovation of toilet Rp 2 billion, finger print procurement, renovation of the parking lot Rp 3 billion, USD 1.59 billion procurement calendar, board 'welcome to the House of Representatives' Rp 4 billion and most highlighted is the renovation space Banggar almost 800 square meters Rp 20.4 billion. E. Consequence of Corruption 1. Reduced confidence in the government. 2. Reduced government authority in society. 3. Decline in state revenues. 4. Law is no longer respected. 2.2 TOWARD corrupt criminal punishment punishment against those who commit acts of corruption. a. Can the death penalty to those who died criminalized unlawful or detrimental to the State (the economy). b. Lifetime imprisonment or imprisonment for 4 years and a maximum of 20 years. c. Additional criminal seizure of movable or immovable goods acquired from corruption. CHAPTER III CONCLUSION 3.1 Conclusion From the discussion about corruption, it can be concluded that: 1. Corruption is bad behavior that is not legal and not fair to enrich themselves 2. Corruption assessed from any angle he remains a 3 violations. Corruption leads to a lack of income and lack of confidence in the state government.

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