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PAPER GLOBAL EDUCATION AND GLOBALIZATION

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

A. Background
Issues related to global education and globalization encourage us to identify and search for symmetric points that can bring together two things that seem paradoxical, the Indonesian education is a national and global implications. The impact of globalization forcing many countries to review the insights and understanding of the concept of the nation, not only because of the geographical territorial boundaries, but also the cultural aspects of resilience as well as other main pillars that sustain their existence as a nation state that does not have absolute immunity against intrusion globalization.

Globalization can be seen as the spread and intensification of economic, social, and cultural barriers that penetrate geographic space and time. Thus, globalization encompasses virtually all things with economic, political, technological advances, information, communication, transportation, etc..

Development of education in Indonesia can not be separated from the influence of global developments, in which science and technology is growing rapidly. The era of free markets is also a challenge for education in Indonesia. To face the global market then the national education policy should be able to improve the quality of education, both academic and non-academic, and improve the management of education to be more productive and efficient and provide the widest possible access for people to get an education.

B. Problem Formulation
1. What is the purpose of the global education and globalization?
2. What are the characteristics of the process of globalization?
3. What are the global educational materials?

C. Destination
To know the various aspects related to global education and globalization.

CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

A. GLOBAL EDUCATION AND GLOBALIZATION
Global is an attempt to instill a view (Perspective) of the world to the students to focus that there is interplay between culture, humanity and planet Earth conditions.

In general, the purpose of education each subject to conditions currently emphasizes the students' skills in critical thinking (critical thinking skills), there is a unique in global education, the focus of the substance of things it is increasingly characterized by global interdependence pluralism and change . The purpose of global education is to develop the knowledge, skills and attitudes that need to live effectively in the world of its natural resources dwindling and characterized by ethnic diversity, cultural pluralism and the dependency. The need to improve the orientation of the students is a growing realization in the international outlook. However, in Indonesia, efforts to improve and expand global understanding of the primary and secondary educational institutions still need to be empowered.

Advances in technology, international trade, cultural exchanges, tourism, environmental stewardship, market competition, scarcity in resources and tighter arms race among countries superpower is a picture of the condition of the international community are increasingly complex. The mutual dependence of the interdependence among nations and countries causing forms of cooperation in various fields at the same time also give rise to competition and conflict. For example, cooperation in the economic field has created a model of economic blocs in Europe countries Countries like standing EEC, in Asia APEC stands. Result of developments in technology which is accompanied also enumerated his concerns arise from contact between nations or cultural allusions.

Events or processes in the so-called process of globalization that also to the educational process. The American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education (AACTE, 1994) To suggest that "globalization tonecessitate said changes in teaching, such as more attention to diverse and universal human values, global systems, global issues, involvement of different kinds of actors and global world history "From this statement shows that his era of globalization requires no changes in the strategy and methods of teaching, among others, with more attention to diversity and universal human values, systems and issues of global issues and the linkages with the global community and global history.

B. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROCESS OF GLOBALIZATION According to (NCSS, 1982)
1. The evolution of the communication and transportation systems Global
2. local economy, regional, and national to global economy
3. Its intensity increased interaction between people that creates global culture as a blend of local culture, diverse regional and national
4. The emergence of an international system that erodes the tradition of international political boundaries and national politics
5. The increasing impact of human activities on ecosystems on earth
6. global awareness that fosters awareness of the place of humanity on earth as members of the human beings, as the inhabitants of the earth and as a member of the global system.

Human life has a stream that requires us to change the way we look at ourselves and the perception of others. View nation or country turned from a global view will only make the nation and the country would be isolated.

In the era of globalization, there is no one nation or any country in the world that can hide or isolate themselves from the influence of globalization. Thus the interplay of or reliance life on this earth has led to significant increase in its mastery of professional knowledge and skills of the citizens of the world which are required in understanding the global dimensions of the phenomenon both political, economic, or cultural.

Any nation or individual or group facing competitors in all areas of life. Judgments words, globalization has demanded every citizen of the world to improve human resources to face competition because in this era just like humans which can only survive or continue to exist.

C. GLOBAL EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS
M.Kniep Willard (1986) argued that the content of global education formulated from historical reality and current conditions that describe and show the world as a global community. From the results of this analysis, Kniep study introduces four elements that are considered essential and fundamental to global education:
1) The study of human values
2) assessment of the global system
3) The study of the problems and issues of global
4) The study of the history of the relationship and interdependence between people, cultures and nations.

1) Studies on Human Values
The values ​​embraced by many people generally reflect the attitudes and beliefs and in shape by his experience. The values ​​that we have to determine how we perceive the world and how it affects the decision values ​​and our behavior as we do in life activities. Besides the values ​​we profess that it is private and sometimes bizarre and options such as feeling the most important thing is the unity in ethnic, national and religious. values ​​we have sometimes exceeded our identity that may be considered universal and define us as human.

In global education, we are particularly interested in the universal human values ​​that transcend identity groups and differences in values ​​that define membership of the group and contribute to our views and unique perspectives.

a. Universal Values
For the first time the world community, at the end of the 20th century, the world community has designed a universal standard of human relationships according fellow in religious beliefs, in the philosophy and ideology of this effort was conducted under the auspices and support of the United Nations (UN). The result has been virtually accepted by the nations around the world as a civilized human being. Universal Value value that is the result of determination that the UN In 1948 tahin The Universal Declaration of Human Rights which states that every human being has the right to life, liberty, property, equality, justice, freedom of religion, freedom of speech. This declaration prohibits slavery, torture, arbitrary punishment or detention and charter gives rights to social and economic civilians and political and universal values ​​come from a variety of national cultural traditions and religious values.

b. Value of Human Differences
In global education, we should give a chance to  hello to the students and understand the diversity of the world community. Cultural differences is a manifestation of the diversity of values ​​and perspectives among mankind. This difference is reflected in the feelings, preferences, attitudes, lifestyles and world views of each community. This difference was the result of evolutionary adaptation of society with its environment is quite unique in order to meet common needs.

2) A review of the Global System
We  relationship with every nation around the world to the extent that had never previously thought. mutual relations among nations and this is the result of our nation's participation in a running system in the world today is often called the global system.

The magnitude of the scope of interdependence as we realize the increase since the end of World War II.  can be traced from the progress of science and technology has shrunk the world seemed to her as well as changes in the interaction between countries that have successfully established the United Nations and international organizations to stop the tradition of imperialism and colonialism.

a. Economic System
Individually or in groups, economic behavior that we do every day is quite an example of the interdependence. It seems easy to just browse the fact not only because we depend on other people or countries in meeting their daily needs but also how people or other countries in this hemisphere depends on us. Global economy is a very complex system that lead to mutual farther than a causal relationship between the consumer and the p [rodusen in different areas. This study has revealed the students should some complexity by focusing on the economic behavior, such as motivation and how they make decisions. Further studies related to the relationship between economic players to see their position in the network interactions

b. Global Political System
Current world events show the interdependence in political activities. Elections General Session events in Indonesia and the possibilities change the power structure of the intensive attention all over the world because of the implications in terms of security Asia and the balance of power (Balance of Power) inter-nation bloc superpower. U.S. fiscal policy is usually regarded as a problem in the country, affecting many other countries economies and ultimately affect the ability of the state government in its power to continue

System dominated by sovereign states is a way to use the power and influence and perhaps even more than domestic political system is influenced by economic interests relating to the distribution of natural resources.

c. Ecological Systems
We live on this earth every year to experience its very bad effect on human life, no man other than her anymore as an actor or a mastermind of all this environmental damage because of its ability to manage and exploit, preserve or destroy the environment. Global Education invites students are aware that there is a relationship of interdependence with simbosis and living things and non-living beings that we as humans play a lot in this ecology. Global education will students feel themselves a part of life on earth, love, make a place special to him and to take action individually after thinking for a comprehensive ecological system.

d. System Technology
There is little question that we live in a technological age. While technology has always played an important role in the life of mankind and the earth system, the technology of this century based jet and rocket engines, nuclear transistor and changing life on planet earth quickly unimaginable for the future. Modern technology is not only changing the way people work and live in touch with other individuals and with the environment. Dramatically changed the geopolitical influence, functioning world economy, and global ecological systems.

3 Studies on Problems and Global Issues
Every day, the majority of our lives are bombarded by issues and international issues. When teens understand their world, then education must be linked to the results of research on the causes, consequences and likelihood of completion of global issues today. As in the study of the system the students need to know how they are affected and influenced by the problems and issues of these issues. Thus, they are entitled to know how they can become part of the issues and global issues and how they can contribute to the settlement process.

Are Characteristics issues and global issues that matter?
1. Its scope is transnational. Origins and consequences of the problem across from the State.
2. Issues and the problem can only be solved through multi (completion and remedial action can not be achieved just one country)
3. The conflict level exist in the first characteristic and the second characteristic.
4. Issues and these issues has a continuous nature
5. Issues and problems in relating to other matters. In general, the resolution of the problem will influence on several other factors.

Kniep (1986) To put forward four categories Thought Global Education Content that can be input to the curriculum:
a) Issues Peace and Security
The world in which we live now is a global obsession for national security. Each year, countries around the world spent $ 750 billion, or about 6% of world GNP to pay for weapons. This amount approaching $ 150 billion per person on earth. Since Duni War II, although not the only country that fought yet been announced that his little 160 armed conflicts have occurred so that approximately 16 million people died. All black sheet event is a threat of nuclear war more likely take lives.

b) Development Issues
Studies on development issues will invite the students in the struggle of the people and the nation to obtain basic needs, achieve national economic growth, and expand political freedoms, economic and social they are. This study will mainly focus on a number of issues and problems around the issue otrang widening gap between the rich and the msiskin in the world and the injustice and suffering a result of this gap. We can capture a number of dimensions the gap between the rich and the poor is by comparing the sequence of the richest people in the world and the order of the poorest people in the world.

c) Environmental Issues
Environmental issues primarily related to the effects of human resource exploitation and management of Earth's resources: land, oceans, forests and other elements of. Issues related to the impact of human activity on the environment is not a new problem.

d) Issues of Human Rights
How many decades after World War II appears great attention to human rights around the world. This concern Sebai a result of his many atrocities committed by humans against other humans during the war. Pula thus the colonial crimes and imprialis west of the colony residents who are outside the boundaries of humanity. United Nations Declaration of Human Rights is a direct reaction to the incident.

4. History of Relations Between Nations Assessment and Interdependence
Historical perspective that includes the evolution of human values ​​that had different eda and universal, historical development and contemporary global system condition and its causes emerging issues and global problems currently merupakn foundation for global education., history learned by most of our students develop a perspective of the world just a little bit of mutual dependence today.

World history is taught western civilization or western influences to the other world. Often, the history of the world is the history that separates regional areas and its relationship between the countries. Usually, all the history of focusing on the development of a more powerful nation bloc countries in the contemporary world.

In general, traditional approaches to  world history still little understanding reveals interdependence among nations because this approach does not emphasize the historical roots of such interdependence. Thus, if our students really understand the interdependence of the contemporary world should base knowledge of contacts and exchanges among civilizations has been going on at least since 2000 years ago. Evidence of such contacts and exchanges ever presented by historian William McNeill called the reference 'the evidence of contact between nations from Spain to North Africa to the Chinese sea diving roman empire and the  contacts made by sea or overland across the Middle East region .

Movement of plants and animals occur among others, with the cotton, sugar and chicken that was developed in India to China and Eurasia. Secrets are slowly shifting technology. Steel exports by India in the roman empire manufacturing technology not yet made the transition.

CHAPTER II
CLOSING

A. Conclusion
Of paper on the above, we can conclude, first, that in the dose range and size of the education we are not ready to face globalization. Not ready does not mean our nation will just drift in the global flows. We must realize that Indonesia is still in transition and has a huge potential to play a role in globalization particularly in the regional context. This is one of the educational challenge we produce competitive human resources and, the education we face a lot of obstacles and challenges. However, from the above description, we are optimistic that there are still opportunities.

B. Suggestion
What is needed today is Indonesia visioning, repositioning strategy, and leadership. Without this, we will never move from the transformation that continues to swirl. With a clear vision, the stages are too obvious, and the commitment of all parties as well as strong leadership to achieve that, the year 2020 is not impossible that Indonesia could also rise again become a nation that is more dignified and triumphant as the winner in globalization.

REFERENCES

Muin, Indianto.2006.Sosiologi SMA/MA Jilid 3 Untuk Kelas XII. Jakarta : Erlangga

 

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